Psalm 119:105 Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path.
Pastor Esther Tham shared a powerful sermon on Psalm chapter 4, written by King David during a time of distress. The passage encourages believers to trust in God’s divine intervention and seek relief from distress. Despite his turmoil with his son Absalom, David found joy and peace in God’s presence. The sermon emphasized trusting in the Lord, offering right sacrifices, and praising Him for His grace.
As we go through the challenges of life, will we, as children of God, be able to persevere in faith, hope, and love?
Why is your heart troubled? Why is your soul not at rest?
Pastor Esther Tham11 & 12 November 202 Let’s look at today’s text, which is taken from Psalm 46:1-11, this is … More
Pastor Koay Kheng Hin5 November 2023 The sermon today is titled “Radical Discipleship”. It addresses the true nature of what … More
Rev Koay Khneg Hin27 August 2023 Busyness and conflicting demands on our time are characteristics of the time we are … More
Turn our focus to God, God is with us, and we should stand firm. Run as the winner runs. We do not do it on our own strength but the Lord’s. It is not how we start matters; it is how we finish. The finish line of the race is Christlikeness.
Worship has always been a contentious aspect of church services. Those who prefer a more subdued and reflective style of worship find overly expressive forms of worship uncomfortable, possibly even arrogant and showy. On the other hand, others from a more Pentecostal/charismatic background find this type of worship stiff and lacking the Spirit.
We are fearfully and wonderfully made by God and blessed beyond description. God has brought us from darkness into the marvellous light. Remember when we are sick, God healed us. When we are in need, God provides for us. Remember when we fall into temptation, God delivers us.
On this Harvest Mission Sunday, we will spend some time looking into the grace of giving once again.
It is likely that God wants to stretch your faith today. It begins with you putting your 5 loaves and 2 fish into the hands of the Lord and trusting Him to come through for you.
Through the years it is a joy to see familiar faces in church. At the same time, it is very sad to find that there are those who are no longer with us for a number of reasons. But one of the saddest stories to hear is of believers who have just left the church altogether or may not even be worshipping God anymore.
Over the last few decades or so there has been a call for men to rise up to being fathers to their children. The need for mothers to be mothers is just as great.
Have you wondered how God looks at you? Specifically, the question relates to whether God is more interested in who you become than in what you achieve?
Today I’d like you to consider what word or picture comes to mind when we hear the word “problem.” We tend to have negative connotations when it comes to problems. We don’t look forward to nor welcome problems. But how about the word “miracle”?
What do you see when you think about the lives of people all around you? When we really take time to reflect upon this question one inescapable fact is that suffering is part and parcel of this temporal life in this world. The sermon today addresses this issue from the perspective of the apostle Peter.
The step of repentance. By taking a closer look at Jonah, let us start trusting God in His final decisions and really trusting Him with our concerns. We want to fully be submitted to His plan and His way. May our zeal can be reignited, and the standard of Christ can once again burn brightly in our lives
Today marks arguably the most important day in the Christian calendar. It is the day we all come together to commemorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, the day he was raised from the dead.
Resurrection Sunday has always generated much excitement and rightly so, but it should not be at the expense of Good Friday. Good Friday and Resurrection Sunday come as a package deal. Without Good Friday there would be no Resurrection Sunday. Without Resurrection Sunday, there would be nothing good about Good Friday and the horrific death of Jesus would be a senseless atrocity.
The sermon today looks into the primary reason behind the fluctuations in our life in regard to our confidence, assurance and attitudes.
I do not know what you are going through, but God sees what you are going through and He is with you in that situation, in that conflict, in that pain and in that trouble. He has the power to change our situation.
Revival is a hot topic in Christian circles these days. The latest revival to hit the news is the Asbury Revival which began spontaneously on February 8, 2023, at Asbury University’s regularly scheduled chapel service. It led to a multi-week gathering that drew visitors from all over the US and even the world until the university officially ended on-campus services on February 23 at the National Collegiate Day of Prayer broadcast hosted by the university.
In today’s sermon, I wish to lead us to reflect upon eternity and its relation to our present life.
As we go through life, we meet people confronted with different circumstances of life who will have diverse needs. God constantly empowers us to grow in having a heart for people, to show care and concern and to lend a helping hand to people in need.
The sermon today continues with spiritual insights that can be drawn from a study of the speech of the apostle Paul to the Ephesian elders on his way to Jerusalem as he finishes his third missionary journey.
This Sunday morning, I wish to look into true blessedness, that sense of shalom, the wholesomeness of being, encompassing peace and harmony.
What would be your answer if you were asked, “How are you feeling?” This is usually a question about a person’s physical health but it is equally valid for us to ask about a person’s emotional state of being.
To hold on to the basic teachings about Jesus, God’s Word is the greatest truth that builds up our lives. With this, we need to be rooted in God’s Word. Finding purpose through the Word of God.
We often begin the year with good intentions but our good resolutions seldom last. We start off well, but sad to say, we get distracted and derailed and some of us are even destroyed along the way because when faced with temptation…we yield!
As we celebrate Christmas today, we need to bear in mind the true meaning of Christmas.
The Bible says, seek and you shall find, ask and it shall be given, knock and the door will be open. If we want all the goodness of God, we need to do our part. Jesus says, come to me, all you who labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. We must do our part.
One good thing that came out of the uncertain season was that it drove the church onto its needs. We came to the highest authority to plead the case for the salvation of our nation. It is easy to pay lip service with platitudes like “we have to trust God” but it is in prayer that we show our true dependence on God.
Pastoe Koay Kheng Hin20 November 2022 We presently live in a world of materialism and consumerism in which we often … More
Pastor Melinda Song12 & 13 November 2022 One of the most interesting topics of conversation among Christians is the will … More
Pastor Koay Kheng Hin6 November 2022 As we all look back to the past week, I believe that many of … More
Getting what we want, when we want, is a part of our daily life. For example, if we don’t like a TV show, we just change the channel. Same, when we don’t like the song we are listening to, we hit the button and change the song.
You may be trying to live right, do right, and obey the Scriptures and there have not been any evident blessings or rewards. It may even result in grief and heartache.
Pastor Melinda Song10 & 11 September 2022 We are at the tenth and final gate that completes our tour of the … More
This Sunday morning even as we have partaken of the Lord’s Supper in remembrance of him it is timely that we bring into focus the following question, “What is the one thing that God desires of us, with which God will be well pleased?
To watch is “to have the alertness of a guard at night.” A night watchman must stay awake and be hyper-vigilant. That is the type of watching Jesus spoke about because Jesus compares his coming with the coming of a thief in the night.
The character traits of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control are to be taken as a whole.
The war horses of Israel are believed to have been stabled next to the King’s palace. Warriors rode out to and returned from the battle at the Horse Gate. And the king’s chariots will pass through the gates on their way back into the city in triumphant procession.
Peace is not about the absence of war, peace is more than a word, and peace is more than a feeling. It is possible to be in the calmest of situations, and yet there is no peace inside of us. In contrast, it is also possible to be in a situation of great chaos, yet we can still experience in our hearts and peace in our minds.
While every gate up to this point had to be rebuilt or repaired, there was no mention of any repairs being done to the Water Gate. Many scholars strongly believe that the Water Gate never suffered any damage during the Babylonian invasion. Later, we will understand why this would have been the case.
This weekend is Harvest Mission weekend. Harvest Mission has been a fundamental expression of consecration to God exhibited by TOP for many years.
If you are going through a dark, scary valley today, remember that you are not alone. Rest in the promise of our Good Shepherd who will guide us through and around those dangerous spots in the valley so that we make it out safely on the other side. He will carry you when you are too weak to walk, and restore your soul when you are too tired to move forward.
Today is Pentecost Sunday according to the Jewish calendar. As we worship the Lord today as an assembly of believers, it is just timely, in these adverse times that we are experiencing now, we look back at the beginnings of the church to draw insights to encourage and exhort us as a church.
This intrinsic connection between righteousness and prayer is based on the holiness of God, that the presence and power of God are manifest in holiness.
God uses prayer as the means by which he accomplishes his plan. Prayer transforms our hearts and teaches us to be dependent on Him.
Scripture is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting, and training in righteousness. Scripture has the transformative power to transform us. In the present trying times, Scripture can give us assurance and peace.
There’s no doubt COVID has caused a great many things. But COVID has also revealed many things – perhaps even more than it has caused. It has revealed that the root cause of this fear, anger, doubt, and insecurity is not “out there” in a virus; it’s “in here” in our hearts.
There is the perspective of us being a people of God, a family of God and a spiritual army of God. Today I would like to look into the perspective of the church as the spiritual army of God.
To seek God with all your heart is to have an intimate personal relationship with God, to increase your desire for God more than anything else in our lives and lastly to pursue God alone who can fill our emptiness in our heart.
There is no easy road to forgiveness. Forgiving another takes time and work. It begins with thanksgiving that we have been forgiven and acknowledging that we have been hurt and need to forgive the offender.
The word “good” is a generic term to describe what is excellent in quality, and/or worthy of approval – from good food to good person, good weather, good circumstances
been able to maintain our strong tradition of being a giving church, expressing what I would term as devotional giving.
We do well to follow the example of our Lord Jesus in his emphasis on the gospel call, understanding at the same time that good works must naturally accompany the gospel call.
I pray that this is the year that we will see more fruit in terms of disciple-making in numerical growth and more spiritual growth among all of us.
I believe that it is appropriate that we look back at the year that is coming to an end and remember God in his faithfulness and make a personal choice to always remain faithful to God and to grow in this virtue of faithfulness.
faith, from one level of faith to another level of faith. The life of the apostle Peter gives us a glimpse in regard to this growth in faith.
which means “visit” or “coming.” Christmas is coming and there is a sense of anticipation and expectancy.
ay, His mission stands completed and He commands us to tell the world about Him. This Jesus, who is the Christ, the Son of the Living God.
nviting you and me, his church to RISE as a mighty army to proclaim His resurrecting word and the life-giving breath over the dead bones!
To whom he calls he will equip. For all of us, there is always a place to serve, a gift to be exercised, whether in the church or in the community, to bring the love of God into the lives of people, edify those in the church with the Word of God and bring the gospel into the community to bring liberation and salvation, to indeed be a “Relational Discipling Church”. Amen!
We live in a world of change. Styles, customs and conditions keep changing. Our feelings may change, our circumstances may change. The world is changing. But we know, Jesus is always the same.
nd so he asks: “What if they don’t believe me?” (4:1). God then replies with a question: “What is that in your hand?”
In this short little exchange between God and Moses, we will find some principles on how God can turn the ordinary things and ordinary people into the extraordinary.
n this special day, it is appropriate that we turn our eyes towards our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. As we look back to our past 43 years and thank God for his goodness and faithfulness, at the same time we are called to look forward to the future.
Believers, first and foremost, are worshippers. A life of worship is a life of faith, a life of holiness and a life of power.
aid to Cain, where sin is crouching outside your door, ready to devour you. For others, it’s a loved one whose health is deteriorating and there’s nothing you can do. For still others, it’s a family situation that seems to be getting worse instead of better.
We make our decision whether to trust or not to trust someone based on 4 components – their character, competence, care, and credibility.
If you are going to be what God wants you to be in your personal, spiritual walk with Him, it is going to take that quality of perseverance. To persevere means “to persist in any purpose or endeavour; to continue striving for one’s goals, despite difficulties. To stay on course.”
As a believer in Jesus Christ, how are we to respond to the present happenings and adverse circumstances of life? What is the answer to the problems that we are facing? How do we find assurance in the midst of such uncertain times?
Barrenness is a major theme in the Bible and most often used in reference to a woman who is unable to produce children. But the Bible also refers to the wilderness, being in a desolate place, desert, famine where the land is not producing food, and exile as barrenness.
However, at the same time, we need to widen our horizon and to see beyond the physical realm to be aware that in all things that happen in the physical realm, there is a concurrent active spiritual dimension and it is important that at times like this, we purposefully put on THE FULL ARMOR OF GOD.
Giants are not something that we dream up. The giant that we may face today may be Covid-19 pandemic impacts in our life, it may be unemployment, careers, finances, health problems, depression, pressures, pains, relationship issues, family problems, struggles, fears, and sins. Any issues right now in our life. It is our giant.
When Jesus was born 2000 years ago, God wanted people to find Him! In Luke chapter 2, the Bible tells us the story about some shepherds… they were watching their sheep at night, and God sent an angel to tell them that Jesus has been born… and they would find Him wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger.
This past week has been a difficult week for many of us because of the strain and stress of this ongoing pandemic. Day after day, we hear news of rising numbers of cases, of reminders to stay home and stay safe, of the tightening of restrictions and so on and so forth.
Today is a very special Sunday. Special because today is Harvest Mission Sunday. Harvest Mission has been a fundamental grace exhibited by TOP for many years. Through the ups and downs of the ministry of TOP, as long as I can remember, we have always been able to maintain our strong tradition of being a giving church.
Some people believe that human beings should never question the ways of God. They may even feel that it borders on sin to ask God, “Why?”
In Moses’ encounter with God, God proclaimed his goodness through expressing his love and his holiness. Today, we turn to the Person of Jesus Christ in the New Testament. The title of the sermon today is “God’s Will Be Done.”
WE are thankful to God that we can once again gather together as a people of God to worship him. As we reach the end of this unprecedented year, we need to continue to seek the Lord, reflect upon his person and grow in our knowledge of him.
In the mean time I would like to encourage all of you that in a time of crisis and uncertainty such as this, God is beckoning us to draw near to him, to seek not only comfort and deliverance from him but to also grow in our relational intimacy with him.
We live in an age of anxiety. Anxieties are normal in a fallen world. How many of us can honestly say we live care-free lives? Some of us have more or greater anxieties than others, but we all have them and more than ever before.
As we gather together to worship God, we all know that the health crisis that we are facing is still unresolved. This past week has seen a greater spread of the sickness caused by Covid-19 and there is a sense of uncertainty concerning what lies ahead for all of us.
What is your goal in life? The goal is very important because the phrase “finishing well” means different things to different people.
Do you know what was remarkable about his story in the Bible? Well, he dug wells, he opened wells that had been sealed by the Philistines, and he dug wells and gave names to the wells. He seems obsessed with wells and kept on digging! And so the title of my message today is: “Keep On Digging!”
Today’s sermon addresses a very common question that is asked by Christians. “Why does God not answer my prayer?” When the question is phrased this way, then the word prayer most often means petitionary prayer, that is a prayer where we ask God for a specific request. It is a question that can only be properly understood if we understand how God responds to prayer.
The sermon today has come about after much reflection pertaining to life. In my last sermon I touched on the fact that difficulties in life per se may not be the true cause of suffering, rather it is when you go through difficulties all by yourself, alone, that enhances and magnifies the suffering.
A rainbow’s ability to bring joy to just about anyone is probably why they’re painted on kids’ cheeks at parties; used to decorate birthday cakes, garden flags and bedding; mentioned in lyrics, poems and other writings. They are also the stuff of folklore across many countries and cultures.
To bring some light to the situation we are in, I wish to draw some relevant insights from the book of Romans. There are three insights based on the 3 “Es” of Eternity, Edification and Empowerment.
We are living in difficult times. What would you do if you have a friend who has been retrenched and is desperately looking for a job? And you happen to have another friend who is the boss of a company who is able to take on an employee that has your friend’s job skill?
There is this challenge that as time goes on, we may think of our Christian faith as between us, ourselves and God. It becomes a bit too personal without realizing that God looks at us as a community of His people.
Faith and hope are related concepts in the Bible. While faith without hope is possible, hope without faith is not.
Today’s message is entitled “Finding Hope” and we’re going to learn some lessons on how to find hope in God in difficult times.
As we look into the Apostle Paul using the metaphor of the body of Christ, us being dependent on one another and each of us doing our part, to grow the body unto the head our Lord and our Saviour Jesus Christ.
Today is Mother’s Day and we want to honour all the mothers and wish them a “Happy Mother’s Day.” I hope you have enjoyed the music video that we have prepared for you. We want to thank them for the love and sacrifice they have given over the years to their children.
This health crisis is evolving into a crisis of finances. For employers, it is a time when their struggle and their challenge is whether they can still keep their businesses afloat. For employees, it is a time of uncertainty. And a time when they wonder, whether they can still hold their jobs.
Governments have had to grapple with health and economic crisis. Medical front-liners have been pushed to their limits trying to cope and businesses have come to a near standstill. People are dying.
Today the title of this sermon is ‘The Strengthening Grace of God’ and I would like to draw this insight of the strengthening grace of God from the epistle to the Corinthians, the second epistle to the Corinthians in 2 Corinthians 12: 9, 10.
On Good Friday, two thousand years ago our Lord Jesus Christ was crucified. We know His story. We know He suffered torment and agony at the hands of evil men; endured the shame of being crucified naked; and died on the cross for our redemption.
Today, the Sunday before Easter, is known as Palm Sunday because in John 12:13 we read that the people broke palm branches from the trees and lined the streets in front of Jesus Christ, welcoming Him as He made His triumphant entry into the city of Jerusalem.
We are indeed going through difficult and uncertain times. Unprecedented times. And a lot of us may be wondering what the future holds. What the future few weeks will be like. What will happen and actually what will be the settlement for this virus crisis and the economic crisis that is coming on.
Today is the 5th day of the implementation of the Movement Control Order as our nation work through the challenges posed by COVID-19. As we go through these stormy uncharted waters, we may wonder where God is in the midst of it. The truth is that God isn’t far away, and it is in times like this that he is inviting us into a closer and deeper relationship with him. Let’s not allow social distancing to turn into spiritual distancing.
The sermon today will address the issues of faith and fear. As the country goes through a health crisis in the form of Covid-19, and the beginning of an economic crisis, we need to ask ourselves how we are to address the situation we are in.
I believe everywhere you go these few days, everyone of us will be confronted with dialogues and conversations about the current political tension. We have all had a challenging week with the political uncertainty that is enveloping the country. Times have been hard but in this past week, we sense that times have become even harder, in a time of the economic downturn. Uncertainties have suddenly become the order of the day, as we do not know what to expect.
The word “Love” occurs 31 times in these 5 chapters. In the last words of Jesus, a large part of it is on love. That’s why Jesus said by this all men will know you are my disciples if you love one another. Today I want to give you the picture of love. That is the title of my message.
The Truth that shines through every bit of our grief, and pain, and sin, is this, Christ came to save us and set us free. Christ came to redeem. Christ came to bring hope. Christ came to bring beauty from ashes.
So this Chinese New Year season, however you see it, a large part would be about relationships. About bonding and restoration, about catching up with one another. That is why I believe that my message today speaks to all communities, because its is a message about relationships.
We live in a wonderful world full of colours, sights and sound. The human senses are our contact to the environment and we would never want to give up or lose any one of our senses.
As we begin a new year, what does God have in store for our church, Tabernacle of Praise ? This may be a question that may be on your minds as you sit on your chairs during this Sunday service.
Mary was truly an amazing woman. She wasn’t perfect but she stepped out in faith to God’s call and she was obedient to His will for her life. Mary is a woman who we would all do well to emulate.
Mountains make men marvel at the majesty of God’s creation. They awaken in man the instinct for heaven. He knows when he looks at the mountains that he was made for a high and lofty purpose.
So today, think on what is precious to you. Money, looks, health, or relationships? What is precious to you?
Today’s sermon seeks to answer this question. Where can we draw strength when we meet the trials of life?
Today I want to go into my message entitled ‘The Race of Faith’. If you still remember the message I preached last week, ‘Spirituality In Christ’, I am following up from there, and I want you to try to re-collect a little on what I shared previously. This sermon today, and if you look at my past sermons, you will see that I do have a direction, that I do have something in my heart that I want to impart to all of you.
If you ask why God did not answered your prayer, you would have determined that God has not answered your prayer. But when you ask why God has yet to answer our prayer calls for a deeper faith. For trust and hope that indeed I have prayed and my God will answer.
We have made miracles so commonplace that makes them no big deal at all. But a miracle is a big deal because the biblical model and definition for a miracle are those acts that only God can perform; usually superseding natural laws making them supernatural acts of God.
I want all of you to remember these three ‘R’s – the Recipient for our giving is God, our Reason is because we love God and the third is that you will Reap a harvest in God’s love and provision.
The Holy Spirit is much neglected member of Holy Trinity. Francis Chan wrote the book, “Forgotten God” but that should not be the case for us born again, Bible-believing, God-fearing, Christ-centred, Spirit-filled Pentecostal believers.
Mothers, of all the things you have done in life, none is as important as the godly influence you have had and are still having on your children and grandchildren.
The climax of Mark’s gospel is the account of the resurrection. That Jesus indeed has resurrected from the dead. If Jesus did not resurrect from the dead and the climax is just the death of Jesus at Calvary, then however noble it can be, all the account would give us a Jesus that died.
Why does pain happen? Have you ever wondered how nice it would be if there was no hurt, no suffering and no PAIN in this world? I am sure you have, at one juncture or another. Why do certain people have no food to eat? Why do some people have to beg on the streets?
But I want to look at God’s word not from a theological aspect but from the perspective of our Christian walk on a daily basis. I want to look not so much at you having the word of God but does the Word of God have you? What do I mean by that?
We are to be a light that shines in the world. We should shine before men. How do we shine? By the good deeds that we do. When we do good deeds in the name of Jesus Christ the glory goes to God. The glorifying of God is affirmed through the good deeds that we do.
Sonship matters, because it means that we are not simply ‘children of God’ in an abstract or ambiguous sense, but that we – both men and women – have been graced with the same relational standing that the Son has with the Father. That’s simply how good our God is!
Giving never really hurts. Giving actually heals. Going to talk to you about the liberty of giving.
Are you facing Jerichos in your life? There is no victory without battles but the battle belongs to the Lord, who fights on our behalf.
If you are struggling with anything, I believe everyone needs a miracle. The question is how do I get my miracle. I want you to know your miracle will happen when the Glory of God comes upon you.
Life is full of decisions and we all want and need guidance. In fact, God’s guidance is especially important to us since we live in a fallen world so the fact that God LEADS and GUIDES His people is good news for us.
We are saved by the grace of God but it needs to be received and consciously accepted by you. That’s why it’s a grace from the Holy Spirit that needs to be received by faith. That grace means undeserved or unmerited favour.
This morning I want to talk about how you handle frustrations by looking at them through the eyes of God. Your frustrations can be an advantage or a disadvantage depending on how you react or response to frustrations.
If you are not able to keep the fire and the love for God going then slowly the coldness of complacency will set in our lives. It will lead to spiritual stagnancy and eventually spiritual death.
How is God calling you to get your feet wet? Are you being faced with an obstacle, a challenge that seems like impossibility? Will you take the first step of faith?
We need to remember that faith honours God and God honours faith! God delights in favoring people who will get their feet wet.
Everything good is found in God. We are privileged people and there is that certainty that our outcome will always be good, pleasing and perfect.
This morning we shall use the acronym M-O-T-H-E-R (based on the article “6 Truths About The Role of Moms” by Dr. Tim Clinton) to help us appreciate the benefits bestowed on us by our mothers
“Things which seem wrong to some Christians but not to all” and led us in a discussion of both how to handle the gray areas and how to relate to fellow Christians who don’t feel the way you do about everything.
When you can give out of your lack, you will surely be able to give out of your abundance.
God’s heartbeat is missions and despite the circumstances he wants us to continue to expand our territory.
Whatever your disappointment is at the moment, God has a set time for your situation and when He answers, He not only takes care of your need but it will be for a greater purpose.
Rev Ezra Chin of Emmanuel Church Our church is a very unique church started five years ago. I was … More
Rev Mark Barnard What a joy it is to be with you. We have been here numerous times. We … More
Sis Melinda Song Joshua 1:1-9, NIV 1 After the death of Moses the servant of the Lord, the Lord said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses’ … More
Sis Melinda Song Rom. 10:12-15, NIV 12 For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile–the same Lord is … More
Bro Terence Ooi So glad to be here. Four years ago in our room on our knees, we asked God … More
Rev Ronald Ooi It’s good to bounce back after Chinese New Year. After all that eating and visiting. We are … More
Bro Koay Kheng Hin I’m born in the year of the rooster. I’m going to retire in the year of … More
Rev Ronald Ooi I feel like a Caleb after the wilderness. Caleb said God had given him strength like it … More
Rev Ronald Ooi To both the the Hokkien and English congregation it is a privilege to be here with you … More
Pastor Peter Soratana In Psalms 119:105, your word is a lamp unto my feet and a light on my path. … More
Rev Gideon Lee God is our only way – seek him God’s way is different from ours – submit to … More
Rev Gideon Lee All of us go through life with questions. Like our children who grows to a stage where … More
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